The detail.
Class E(d) excludes uses involving motorised vehicles or firearms, swimming pools and skating rinks. The character of a particular operation and its planning history matter.
This guidance applies to England. The lawful use, conditions, any proposed works and the facts of the operation should be checked for each property.
What to check.
- Check the lawful use and any conditions restricting use or hours.
- Consider ventilation, noise, access, parking and any building work.
A planning adviser or the local planning authority can advise on the specific property and proposal.
Sources.
Sources reviewed 6 November 2026. General information, not a planning opinion.